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Indigenous Model

This page identifies initiatives that are Indigenous-led and/or co-developed and applies Indigenous ways of knowing and positioning such as relationality and responsibilities to an entity of nature, recognizing it as living and possessing spirit. An initiative is considered Indigenous-led and/or co-developed when one or more of the groups involved in the initiative self-identifies as Indigenous.

Ecuador constitutional court case: mining concessions in A’i Cofán of Sinangoe

A'L Cofán Sinangoe Territory (Ecuador)
Approved in 2022
Court Case
All Nature
The court declared mining concessions violated rights of nature and the rights of the A'L Cofán Sinangoe people to water and a healthy environment.Read More →

Ecuador Constitutional Court Case: rights of the Piatúa River

Pastaza Province, Ecuador
Approved in 2019
Court Case
Freshwater Ecosystem
The court declared approving an environmental license for a hydroelectric project violated rights of nature and the right to prior consultation in 2019.Read More →

White Earth Nation (USA) Tribal Resolution: Rights of Manoomin

White Earth Nation (Minnesota, USA)
Approved in 2018
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem, Plant
In 2018, the White Earth Band established the rights of Manoomin (wild rice) on the White Earth Reservation and throughout 1855 ceded territory.Read More →

Ho-Chunk Nation (USA) Constitutional Amendment: Rights of Nature

Ho-Chunk Nation (Wisconsin, USA)
Approved in 2018
Indigenous Law
All Nature
In 2018, the Ho-Chunk Nation became the first to amend its tribal constitution to include rights of nature.Read More →

Uganda National Environmental Act of 2019

Uganda
Approved in 2019
Legislation
All Nature
In 2019, Uganda enacted the National Environmental Act of 2019, recognizing rights of nature and invoking ecological jurisprudence values.Read More →

Yurok Tribal Resolution: rights of the Klamath River 2019

Yurok Tribe (California, USA)
Approved in 2019
Indigenous Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
In 2019, the Yurok Tribe made a resolution recognizing rights of the Klamath River and gave it legal personhood.Read More →

New Zealand Te Awa Tupua Act 2017 (Whanganui River)

Aotearoa (New Zealand)
Approved in 2017
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem
In March 2017, the New Zealand government passed the Te Awa Tupua Act, declaring the Whanganui River a legal entity with rights.Read More →

Australia Yarra River Protection Act of 2017

Australia
Approved in 2017
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem
In 2017, Australia passed the Yarra River Protection Act giving the Yarra River status as a legal entity and including Wurundjeri people in managing the river.Read More →
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