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Indigenous Model

This page identifies initiatives that are Indigenous-led and/or co-developed and applies Indigenous ways of knowing and positioning such as relationality and responsibilities to an entity of nature, recognizing it as living and possessing spirit. An initiative is considered Indigenous-led and/or co-developed when one or more of the groups involved in the initiative self-identifies as Indigenous.

Waccamaw Indian People Resolution: rights of nature

Waccamaw Tribal Grounds (South Carolina, USA)
Approved in 2026
Indigenous Declaration
All Nature
In August 2026, the Waccamaw Indian People passed a Resolution affirming the inherent rights of nature and the stewardship responsibilities of the Waccamaw.Read More →

Yukon First Nation: Declaration of the Rights of the Finlayson Caribou Herd

Ross River Traaditional Territory (eastern Yukon, Canada)
Approved in 2025
Indigenous Declaration
Animal
On March 26, 2026, in Yukon, the Ross River Dena Council (RRDC) declared the Finlayson caribou herd a "living ecological person."Read More →

West Papua (Indonesia): Green State Vision

West Papua (disputed Indonesian province)
Drafted in 2021
Declaration
All Nature
In 2021, West Papua independence leaders launched their Green State Vision for an independent West Papua at the United Nations COP26 in Glasgow.Read More →

Moananui Sanctuary Agreement

Pacific Small Island States
Drafted in 2025
Declaration
Animal, Marine Ecosystem
The Sanctuary Agreement was launched in June 2025 and is an international initiative to establish 12.5 million km2 of marine protected areas in the Pacific.Read More →

Innu First Nation Resolution: rights of the Magpie River

Nitassinan (Innu ancestral territory) (Quebec Province, Canada)
Approved in 2021
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
In January 2021, the Innu Council of Ekuanitshit adopted a resolution recognizing the Magpie River as a legal person with rights.Read More →

Colorado River Indian Tribes Resolution: Personhood for the Colorado River

Colorado River Indian Reservation (Arizona, USA)
Approved in 2025
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
On November 6 2025, the Tribal Council of the Colorado River Indian Tribes voted unanimously to adopt a resolution recognizing the rights of the Colorado RiverRead More →

Mexico Court Case: ecological and biocultural value of bees

Campeche State, Mexico
Approved in 2023
Court Case
Animal
On 19 May 2023, Mayan beekeepers from Hopelchén, Mexico filed a lawsuit against the government over the death bees due to environmental issues.Read More →

Ecuador A’i Cofán of Sinangoe Indigenous Law

Ancestral Territory of the Sinangoe Community of the A'i Cofán Nationality
Approved in 2017
Indigenous Law
All Nature
In May 2017, the General Assembly of the Sinangoe Community adopted the Law for the Control and Protection of the Ancestral Territory of the Sinangoe CommunityRead More →
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