Wormerland (Netherlands) citizen proposal: rights of the Wijdse Kievitsweide
On 12 April, 2024, a letter was submitted to the Wormerland Municipal Council on behalf of the Wijdse Kievitsweide to annul development for a sports complex.Read More →
Initiative Index
This page allows you to access the full database of legal initiatives in the Eco Jurisprudence Monitor. You may filter your search based on the parameters and search bar below. To access the initiative's summary page and legal documents, click the “Read More” button on an initiative.
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Zaanstad (Netherlands) proposal: rights of nature
On 11 January 2024, the Zaanstad Municipal Council Socialist Party submitted an agenda initiative about granting legal personality to natural areas in Zaanstad.Read More →
Deventer (Netherlands) Citizen’s Climate Council: nature as a legal entity
On 27 June, 2024, the Deventer Citizens’ Climate Council adopted a recommendation to designate select natural areas as legal entities with guardians.Read More →
Spain criminal court case: industrial agriculture and the pollution of the Mar Menor
On 20 May 2026, the Mar Menor lagoon appeared before the Provincial Court in Cartagena as a victim and private prosecutor in a criminal case.Read More →
Curridabat (Costa Rica) urban policy: extending citizenship to pollinators
In 2016, municipal policy in Curridabat, Costa Rica reimagined urban planning around pollinators and native plants; seeing them as citizens in their own right.Read More →
Madrid (Spain): Declaration of the Rights of the Manzanares River
On November 15, 2025, a coalition of civil society groups and individuals issued the “Declaration of the Rights of the Manzanares River."Read More →
Sonora (Mexico) court case: on behalf of whales
On 30 March, 2026, a federal judge in Sonora granted a definitive suspension of Saguaro Energía LNG Project under Article 128 of Mexico’s Amparo Law.Read More →
Nijmegen (Netherlands): guardian of nature on Veur-Lent Island
On 11 March, 2026, the Nijmegen City Council adopted a motion that stated it believes the citizens’ initiative but called for it to be further developed.Read More →
Switzerland court case: voting rights of the wild apple
In June 2026, the wild apple filed an electoral complaint regarding the popular initiative “No to a Switzerland with 10 Million! (Sustainability Initiative)".Read More →
France Declaration of the Rights of Nature in Nature Reserves
On 21 May 2026, the Réserves Naturelles de France (RNF) network unanimously adopted the “Declaration of the Rights of Nature in Nature Reserves."Read More →
Terrasse-Vaudreuil (Canada) Municipal Resolution: rights of trees
On 9 June 2026, the municipality of Terrasse-Vaudreuil in Quebec, Canada adopted a resolution recognizing trees as living entities with rights.Read More →
Europen Citizens Initiaitve (ECI): Rights for Nature
On 19 May 2026, a European Citizens' Initiative (ECI) on Rights of Nature was formally accepted and registered by the European Commission.Read More →
Florencia (Colombia) Municipal Law: rights of the Hacha river
On 1 December 2025, the Municipal Council of Florencia in Colombia passed a law recognizing the Hacha River as a subject of rights.Read More →
Charter for the Rights of the River Wye
On 24 May 2026, a Charter for the Rights of the River Wye was launched across the entire 130-mile river system as a full-catchment river rights framework.Read More →
North Carolina (USA): Rights of the Rivers Act 2025
On 10 March 2025, a bill was introduced in the North Carolina state legislature to recognize and protect the rights of the Dan and Haw River ecosystems.Read More →
Valais (Switzerland) court case: rights of wolves and children
In 2024, a child took legal action contesting a culling order of wolves in the Canton of Valais, arguing it violates the rights of nature and the child.Read More →
Lucerne (Switzerland) Parliamentary Inquiry: right to a healthy environment and legal personality of nature
In June 2023 Rahel Estermann submitted an inquiry on the right to a healthy environment and legal personality of nature that sparked a debate in Lucerne.Read More →
Ecuador National Law: rights of non-human animals
In 2022, a draft national law in Ecuador on the rights of non-human animals was formally presented to the National Assembly by Ecuador’s Defensoría del Pueblo.Read More →
Kyrgyzstan Criminal Code (1997): ecocide
In 1997, the Kyrgyz Republic codified the crime of ecocide in its Criminal Code.Read More →
Tajikistan Criminal Code (1998): ecocide
In 1998, Tajikistan formally recognized ecocide at the national level by including provisions in its Criminal Code addressing severe environmental destruction.Read More →