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North America

This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives that exist in the United States, Canada, and Greenland. While we acknowledge that Mexico is geographically part of North America, we include Mexico in the Latin American category.

Milwaukee County (USA) Resolution: rights of nature

Wisconsin, USA
Approved in 2023
Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
On October 27, 2023, Milwaukee County passed a resolution to recognize the rights of nature to protect Southeastern Wisconsin’s waterways and bodies of water.Read More →

Arcata (USA) Proclamation: rights of the southern resident orca

California, USA
Approved in 2023
Declaration
Animal, Marine Ecosystem
July 19, 2023, the City of Arcata (CA) signed a Proclamation declaring the rights of the Southern Resident OrcasRead More →

Depoe Bay (USA) Proclamation: rights of the southern resident orca

Oregon, USA
Approved in 2023
Declaration
Animal, Marine Ecosystem
On June 6 2023, the City of Depoe Bay (OR) signed a Proclamation declaring the rights of the Southern Resident OrcasRead More →

Pierce County (USA) Proclamation: rights of the southern resident orca

Washington, USA
Approved in 2023
Declaration
Animal, Marine Ecosystem
On March 28 2023, Pierce County, Washington signed a Resolution recognizing the rights of the Southern Resident Orca.Read More →

Des Moines (USA) Proclamation: rights of the southern resident orca

Washington, USA
Approved in 2023
Declaration
Animal, Marine Ecosystem
On March 9 2023, the City of Des Moines, Washington signed a Proclamation recognizing the rights of the Southern Resident Orca Read More →

Cincinnati (USA) City Charter Amendment: rights for the Ohio River watershed

Ohio, USA
Drafted in 2023
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem
In April 2023, citizens of Cincinnati, Ohio proposed an amendment to the City Charter that would establish a Bill of Rights for the Ohio River Watershed.Read More →

Assembly of First Nations Quebec–Labrador: rights and legal personhood of the St. Lawrence River

Québec-Labrador, Canada
Approved in 2023
Indigenous Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
On April 19 2023, the Assembly of First Nations of Quebec-Labrador passed a resolution to confer legal personhood to the St. Lawrence RiverRead More →

North Carolina State (USA) Law: rights of the Haw River ecosystem

North Carolina, USA
Submitted in 2023
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem
In April 2023, the Rights of the Haw River Ecosystem Act was introduced in the NC state assembly to recognize the legal rights of the Haw River.Read More →
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