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North America

This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives that exist in the United States, Canada, and Greenland. While we acknowledge that Mexico is geographically part of North America, we include Mexico in the Latin American category.

Green Bay (USA) Resolution: Rights of Nature

Wisconsin, USA
Submitted in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
In July 2025, the Green Bay, Wisconsin City Council authorized the Sustainability Commission to draft a Rights of Nature resolutionRead More →

Berkeley (USA) Resolution: Safe Passage of Whales, Sea Turtles, and Marine Animals

Berkeley, California, USA
Submitted in 2025
Declaration
Animal, Marine Ecosystem
On February 25 of 2025, Councilmember Cecilia Lunaparra, with Councilmember Shoshana O’Keefe as co-sponsor, introduced the Berkeley Whale Safe Passage ResolutRead More →

Alameda (USA) Resolution: Safe Passage of Whales

Alameda, California, USA
Approved in 2024
Declaration
Animal, Marine Ecosystem
The Alameda Whale Safe City Resolution was adopted on October 15 of 2024 and establishes the City of Alameda’s formal commitment to supporting the free and saRead More →

Innu First Nation Resolution: rights of the Magpie River

Nitassinan (Innu ancestral territory) (Quebec Province, Canada)
Approved in 2021
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
In January 2021, the Innu Council of Ekuanitshit adopted a resolution recognizing the Magpie River as a legal person with rights.Read More →

Wisconsin (USA) Resolution: Recognize the Rights of Nature Across the State of Wisconsin

Wisconsin
Submitted in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
On Oct 13, 2025, state legislators in Wisconsin announced they will be introducing a Rights of Nature resolution: Assembly Joint Resolution 114. The resolutionRead More →

Wisconsin (USA) State Law: Rights of Devil’s Lake State Park

Wisconsin
Submitted in 2025
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem
On Oct 13, 2025, State Representatives announced the introduction of the first Rights of Nature legislation in Wisconsin. Working in partnership with Rights ofRead More →

Colorado River Indian Tribes Resolution: Personhood for the Colorado River

Colorado River Indian Reservation (Arizona, USA)
Approved in 2025
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
On November 6 2025, the Tribal Council of the Colorado River Indian Tribes voted unanimously to adopt a resolution recognizing the rights of the Colorado RiverRead More →

Eastern Band of Cherokee Tribal Resolution: Rights of the Longperson Water System

Eastern Cherokee (North Carolina, USA)
Approved in 2026
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
On January 8, 2026, the Eastern Band of Cherokee passed the Longperson Rights of Nature Resolution, recognizing it as living relative with inherent rights.Read More →
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