Scotland Ecocide Bill
On November 7, 2023, a proposal for an Ecocide Bill to be introduced in Scottish Parliament was submitted, which seeks to criminalize ecocide in Scots Law. Read More →
Europe
This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives that exist in Europe. For the purposes of delineating boundaries, we define Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan as constituting the Eastern boundary of Europe.
United Kingdom Ecocide Bill
On November 30, 2023, a UK Ecocide Bill was introduced in Parliament to introduce a new crime of ecocide into law.Read More →
Ireland Parliament Recommends National Referendum on Rights of Nature Constitutional Amendment
In December 2023, Ireland's Parliamentary Committee on Environment recommended a national referendum on a Rights of Nature Constitutional Amendment.Read More →
Basel (Switzerland) referendum to recognize rights of primates in the canton’s Constitution
In 2022, Basel Switzerland held a public referendum on including fundamental rights to primates in the canton's constitution, which was not approved.Read More →
Eijsden-Margraten, Netherlands Motion for the Rights of Nature
In November 2023, the municipality of Eijsden-Margraten became the first in the Netherlands to officially recognize the rights of nature.Read More →
Holy See Pope Francis Laudate Deum on the Climate Crisis
October 4, 2023, Pope Francis released an Exhortation (Laudate Deum) on the climate crisis and the need for a paradigm shift in our relationship with Nature.Read More →
Italy Ecocide Bill
In September 2023, a new bill to criminalize ecocide was formally submitted to the Italian ParliamentRead More →
Catalunya, Spain proposed amendment to Spanish Penal Code to criminalize ecocide
July 2023, the Catalan Parliament initiated a procedure to bring a bill before the National Congress to include ecocide in the Spanish Penal Code.Read More →