Cwmaman (Wales) Town Council: Rights of Nature Charter
On 24 June 2026, the Cwmaman Town Council adopted a Rights of Nature Charter that establishes fundamental rights for nature in the boundaries of Cwmaman, Wales.Read More →
Europe
This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives that exist in Europe. For the purposes of delineating boundaries, we define Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan as constituting the Eastern boundary of Europe.
Croatia Criminal Code: ecocide
On 10 September 2026, the Croatian Government submitted a legal amendment introducing ecocide and stronger animal protection to the Criminal Code.Read More →
Germany Act to Improve the Legal Status of Animals under Civil Law (1989)
In 1990, the Green Party sought to grant animals legal capacity but failed due to concerns about the impact this would have on the farming industry in Germany. Read More →
Bordeaux (France) Bioclimatic SCoT Regional Planning Scheme: harmony with nature
In December 2025, the Bordeaux metropolitan area approved a Regional Planning Scheme designed around climate resilience and a territory in harmony with nature.Read More →
Germany court case: constitutional complaint against piglet castration without anesthesia
In November 2019, 20,000 male piglets challenged their castration without anaesthesia before the Federal Constitutional Court in Germany.Read More →
Northern Playground (Norway): nature on the board
On 3 June 2026, Norwegian company Northern Playground became the first company in the Nordic region to put Nature on the board.Read More →
Wormerland (Netherlands) citizen proposal: rights of the Wijdse Kievitsweide
On 12 April, 2024, a letter was submitted to the Wormerland Municipal Council on behalf of the Wijdse Kievitsweide to annul development for a sports complex.Read More →
Zaanstad (Netherlands) proposal: rights of nature
On 11 January 2024, the Zaanstad Municipal Council Socialist Party submitted an agenda initiative about granting legal personality to natural areas in Zaanstad.Read More →