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International

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence within international documents. These include international agreements concluded between subjects of international law (typically nation-states but also international organizations such as the United Nations or the European Union), as well as formal decisions, determinations or expressions of opinion on the part of such subjects. These documents are variously termed treaties, declarations, resolutions, conventions, memorandums of understanding, charters, or agreements, and the binding or non-binding nature of each document is irrelevant for the present purposes. The category also includes all international declarations and similar documents made between Indigenous Nations and nation states.

XI FOSPA Mandate: Declaration of the Rights of the Amazon

The Amazon
Approved in 2024
Civil Society Declaration
Forest
In June 2024, the Mandate of the XI FOSPA called for the recognition of the Amazon as a subject of rights, while advocating for Amazonian Indigenous sovereigntyRead More →

Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion 32/25: climate emergency and human rights

International
Approved in 2025
Court Case
All Nature
In May 2025, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights published an Advisory Opinion on the climate emergency, affirming the Rights of Nature for the first time.Read More →

UN General Assembly Resolution on Sustainable Development: Harmony with Nature

International
Approved in 2024
Declaration
All Nature
On December 19th, 2024, the UN General Assembly adopted a Resolution on Sustainable Development: Harmony with Nature.Read More →

UN Secretary-General Report (2022): Harmony with Nature

International
Approved in 2022
Position Statement
All Nature
UN Harmony with Nature report recognizes advances in Earth jurisprudence, particularly rights of Nature, and stresses need for a sustainable regenerative worldRead More →

IPBES Summary for Policymakers: diverse values and valuation of nature

International
Approved in 2022
Position Statement
All Nature
The 2022 IPBES report considers the rights of Nature and nature's intrinsic value as elements that should be present in environmental policymaking.Read More →

United Nations World Charter for Nature 1982

International
Approved in 1982
Declaration
All Nature
United Nations 1982 World Charter for Nature recognizes nature's intrinsic value and affirms mankind as being a part of natureRead More →

Declaration for the Protection of the Amazon Sacred Headwaters

Amazon Basin of Ecuador and Northern Peru
Approved in 2019
Indigenous Declaration
Forest, Freshwater Ecosystem
Declaration by Indigenous federations of Ecuador and Peru to protect Amazon Sacred Headwaters and respect the rights of Nature and Buen Vivir o Vida PlenaRead More →

Amazon Sacred Headwaters Bioregional Plan 2030

Amazon Basin of Ecuador and Northern Peru
Drafted in 2021
Policy
Forest, Freshwater Ecosystem
The Amazon Sacred Headwaters Initiative recognizes the inherent rights of Nature in their Bioregional Plan 2030 for the Amazon basin of Ecuador and PeruRead More →
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