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International

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence within international documents. These include international agreements concluded between subjects of international law (typically nation-states but also international organizations such as the United Nations or the European Union), as well as formal decisions, determinations or expressions of opinion on the part of such subjects. These documents are variously termed treaties, declarations, resolutions, conventions, memorandums of understanding, charters, or agreements, and the binding or non-binding nature of each document is irrelevant for the present purposes. The category also includes all international declarations and similar documents made between Indigenous Nations and nation states.

IUCN 2025 Motion 070: integrating science, rights-based approaches, and ecological recovery

Abu Dhabi, UAE (World Conservation Congress)
Approved in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
On October 14, 2025, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress passed “Motion 070: Integrating science, rightsRead More →

IUCN 2025 Motion 067: living in harmony with rivers through rights of nature & ecocentric law

Abu Dhabi, UAE (World Conservation Congress)
Approved in 2025
Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
On October 14, 2025, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress passed “Motion 067: Living in harmony with riveRead More →

IUCN 2025 Motion 061: recognizing the crime of ecocide

Abu Dhabi, UAE (World Conservation Congress)
Approved in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
On October 14, 2025, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress passed “Motion 061: Recognizing the crime of ecRead More →

IUCN 2025 Motion 055: Recognition of the Rights of Antarctica

Abu Dhabi, UAE (World Conservation Congress)
Approved in 2025
Declaration
Arctic
On October 14, 2025, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress passed "Motion 055: Recognition of the rights ofRead More →

IUCN 2025 Motion 054: operationalizing rights of nature in territories

Abu Dhabi, UAE (World Conservation Congress)
Approved in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
On 14 October 2025, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress passed "Motion 054: Operationalising the rights ofRead More →

IUCN 2025 Motion 048/052: Crimes that Affect the Environment

Abu Dhabi, UAE (World Conservation Congress)
Approved in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
On October 14, 2025, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress passed “Motion 048: Crimes that Affect the EnviRead More →

XI FOSPA Mandate: Declaration of the Rights of the Amazon

The Amazon
Submitted in 2024
Civil Society Declaration
Forest
In June 2024, the Mandate of the XI FOSPA called for the recognition of the Amazon as a subject of rights, while advocating for Amazonian Indigenous sovereigntyRead More →

Inter-American Court of Human Rights Advisory Opinion 32/25: climate emergency and human rights

International
Approved in 2025
Court Case
All Nature
In May 2025, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights published an Advisory Opinion on the climate emergency, affirming the Rights of Nature for the first time.Read More →
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