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International

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence within international documents. These include international agreements concluded between subjects of international law (typically nation-states but also international organizations such as the United Nations or the European Union), as well as formal decisions, determinations or expressions of opinion on the part of such subjects. These documents are variously termed treaties, declarations, resolutions, conventions, memorandums of understanding, charters, or agreements, and the binding or non-binding nature of each document is irrelevant for the present purposes. The category also includes all international declarations and similar documents made between Indigenous Nations and nation states.

UN Secretary-General Report (2015): Harmony with Nature

International
Approved in 2015
Declaration
All Nature
In 2015, a report by the UN Secretary-General discusses ways to achieve the sustainable development goals through Harmony with NatureRead More →

Oslo Manifesto for Ecological Law and Governance

International
Approved in 2016
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature
In 2016, an interdisciplinary group of experts at an IUCN WCEL Ethics Specialist Group Workshop wrote the Olso Manifesto for Ecological Law and Governance.Read More →

The Hague Principles for a Universal Declaration on Responsibilities for Human Rights and Earth Trusteeship

International
Approved in 2018
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature
In 2018, the organization Earth Trusteeship created the Hague Principles for a Universal Declaration on Responsibilities for Human Rights and Earth Trusteeship.Read More →

IUCN World Conservation Congress (2020) Motion: recognizing nature as a subject of law

International
Failed in 2021
Declaration
All Nature
Lawyers from the IUCN submitted a motion to formally recognize Rights of Nature at the 2020 IUCN World Conservation Congress.Read More →

Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth

International
Drafted in 2010
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature
In 2010, the Universal Declaration of Rights of Mother Earth was presented at the First Peoples Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth.Read More →

The Earth Charter

International
Approved in 2000
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature
In 2000, the Earth Charter Commission launched the Earth Charter at the Peace Palace in The Hague.Read More →

EU Parliament Resolution to Halt and Reverse EU-Driven Global Deforestation

European Union
Approved in 2020
Legislation
Forest
In 2020, the EU Parliament passed a resolution addressing deforestation and the protection of forests in order to restore their biodiversity.Read More →

Inter-American Congress (II): environmental rule of law

International
Submitted in 2017
Declaration
All Nature
In 2017, the Inter-American Congress on the Environmental Rule of Law met to discuss environmental rule of law trends from the Americas.Read More →
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