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Rights Of Nature

This page identifies initiatives that frame ecological jurisprudence in terms of rights of nature. Initiatives are included in this category when they explicitly recognize any non-human element of Nature (e.g., ecosystems, plant species, animal species) or Nature in general as a subject with rights.

IUCN 2025 Motion 054: operationalizing rights of nature in territories

Abu Dhabi, UAE (World Conservation Congress)
Approved in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
On 14 October 2025, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) World Conservation Congress passed "Motion 054: Operationalising the rights ofRead More →

Italy Citizen Declaration: rights of the Venice Lagoon

Venice, Italy
Drafted in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem, Urban
On November 20 2025, a Declaration of the Rights of the Venice Lagoon was launched, recognizing the lagoon as a legal entity within a complex urban environment.Read More →

Finland Constitutional Citizens Initiative: fundamental rights of nature

Finland
Drafted in 2025
Constitution
All Nature
On November 20 2025, a citizens’ initiative titled Hiljaisten oikeus — perusoikeudet kuuluvat myös luonnolle (“The Right of the Silent — Fundamental RiRead More →

Green Bay (USA) Resolution: Rights of Nature

Wisconsin, USA
Submitted in 2025
Declaration
All Nature
In July 2025, the Green Bay, Wisconsin City Council authorized the Sustainability Commission to draft a Rights of Nature resolutionRead More →

Los Cedros FOI Request (Switzerland): Federal Department of Foreign Affairs

Switzerland
Submitted in 2025
Position Statement
Forest
On 31 October 2025, the Ecuadorian Los Cedros cloud forest initiated a joint FOI request to Switzerland's Department of Foreign Affairs and the IACHR.Read More →

France Citizen Declaration: Rights of the Garonne River

Haute-Garonne Department, France
Drafted in 2023
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
In 2025, the Citizens' Assembly of Haute-Garonne declared itself in favor of granting legal status to the Garonne River.Read More →

Minas Gerais State (Brazil) Law: rights of the Doce River

Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Submitted in 2024
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem
In February 2024, a bill was submitted to the Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais in Brazil that aims to recognize the Rio Doce as a subject of rightsRead More →

UN One Ocean Science Congress (2025): ocean rights recommendation

Nice, France
Failed in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem
In June 2025, the One Ocean Science Congress created recommendations for the UN Ocean Conference, recognizing the importance of human-ocean relationships.Read More →
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