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Rights Of Nature

This page identifies initiatives that frame ecological jurisprudence in terms of rights of nature. Initiatives are included in this category when they explicitly recognize any non-human element of Nature (e.g., ecosystems, plant species, animal species) or Nature in general as a subject with rights.

Netherlands Petition to Recognize Rights of Maas River

Netherlands
Drafted in 2023
Citizens in the Netherlands have a petition calling on the House of Representatives to recognize the Maas River as a subject with rights.Read More →

Ecuador case on the rights of the Monjas River

Ecuador
Approved in 2022
Ecuador's Constitutional Court rules that urban expansion into a fragile watershed by Quito's municipal government violated the rights of the Monjas River.Read More →

Trilateral Wadden Sea Conference Wilhelmshaven Declaration for a new Wadden Sea Management Plan

International
Approved in 2022
2022 Trilateral Wadden Sea Governmental Council management plan to explore if “Rights of Nature” could be adapted to the Wadden Sea World HeritageRead More →

Gig Harbor U.S. Proclamation of the Rights of the Southern Resident Orcas

United States of America
Approved in 2022
Dec. 12 2022, the city council of Gig Harbor, Washington made a non-binding proclamation that Southern Resident Orca whales have legal rightsRead More →

Port Townsend U.S. Proclamation of the Rights of the Southern Resident Orcas

United States of America
Approved in 2022
Dec. 5 2022, the city council of Port Townsend, Washington made a non-binding proclamation that Southern Resident Orca whales have legal rightsRead More →

Oaxaca Mexico Bill recognizing the Rights of Rivers and other Water Sources

Mexico
Submitted in 2020
Bill presented to the Congress of Oaxaca (Mexico) seeking to establish all rivers and other water sources in the state of Oaxaca as subjects with rightsRead More →

Mornington Peninsula Shire Council of Australia Resolution to explore Rights of Nature frameworks

Australia
Approved in 2022
Mornington Peninsula Shire Council of Australia passed a resolution to explore Rights of Nature frameworks for Council strategies, plans and future actionsRead More →

Woodbridge England Citizen’s Declaration of the Rights of the River Deben

United Kingdom
Approved in 2022
In 2022 a citizens Declaration of the Rights of the River Deben was proclaimed in Woodbridge, England including rights to flow freely and be free from pollutionRead More →
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