He Whakaputanga Moana (Declaration for the Ocean) Treaty
In March 2024, Pacific Indigenous leaders ratified the He Whakaputanga Moana (Declaration for the Ocean), which recognizes whales as legal persons with rights.Read More →
This page identifies initiatives that explicitly recognizes any non-human element of Nature (e.g., ecosystems, plant species, animal species) as possessing legal personhood status. In doing so, these initiatives treat Nature like any other other legal person, like corporations, as opposed to recognizing unique rights of nature. Note that all initiatives included in the Personhood category are also included in the Rights of Nature category, but not all rights of nature initiatives are legal personhood initiatives.