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Eco-Governance

This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives that are not rights based and that do not adopt an Indigenous model, but instead emphasize the need (and responsibility) to maintain the functioning of ecological systems and prevent actions that threaten their ability to function. These initiatives tend to frame Nature as a community of life and emphasize ecological science, the need to live within ecosystem/planetary boundaries, the responsibility of individuals and/or states to ensure the functioning of ecological systems, and the importance of social justice. Examples include the Earth Charter and laws espousing ecological civilization and Earth democracy.

Northern Playground (Norway): nature on the board

Norway
Approved in 2026
Private Sector Governance
All Nature
On 3 June 2026, Norwegian company Northern Playground became the first company in the Nordic region to put Nature on the board.Read More →

Universal Declaration of Tree Rights

Paris, France
Drafted in 2018
Civil Society Declaration
Forest Ecosystem
On 18 November 2018, the Universal Declaration of Tree Rights was founded by Ricardo Rey and La Compagnie des Papillons Bleus.Read More →

Curridabat (Costa Rica) urban policy: extending citizenship to pollinators

Curridabat, Costa Rica
Approved in 2016
Policy
Animal, Plant, Urban
In 2016, municipal policy in Curridabat, Costa Rica reimagined urban planning around pollinators and native plants; seeing them as citizens in their own right.Read More →

France National Law: nature in corporate governance

France
Submitted in 2026
Legislation
All Nature
On 3 March 2026, MP Charles Fournier introduced a members bill in France's National Assembly on the representation of Nature within corporate governance.Read More →

Slovenia National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

Slovenia
Approved in 2020
Policy
All Nature
In 2020, Slovenia published its National Environmental Action Programme 2020-2030 which presents a framework for eco-centric protection of the environment.Read More →

Australia National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)

Australia
Approved in 2019
Policy
All Nature
Australia’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan was endorsed in November 2019 by the Meeting of Environment Ministers.Read More →

Colorado (USA) Title Transfer: Pyramid Mountain nature governance

Colorado, USA
Approved in 2025
Private Sector Governance
Mountain
On 7 June 2025, a private land transfer initiative associated with Pyramid Mountain in Colorado sought to establish a novel form of ecological stewardship.Read More →

Tyrol (Austria) Environmental Ombudsman Office: Voice for Nature

Tyrol, Austria
Approved in 2005
Policy
All Nature
In 2005, the Austrian state of Tyrol enacted legislation creating an Environmental Ombudsman Office to represent nature in administrative and legal proceedings.Read More →
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