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North America

This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives that exist in the United States, Canada, and Greenland. While we acknowledge that Mexico is geographically part of North America, we include Mexico in the Latin American category.

Wisconsin (USA) State Law: Rights of Devil’s Lake State Park

Wisconsin
Submitted in 2025
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem
On Oct 13, 2025, State Representatives announced the introduction of the first Rights of Nature legislation in Wisconsin. Working in partnership with Rights ofRead More →

Colorado River Indian Tribes Resolution: Personhood for the Colorado River

Colorado River Indian Reservation (Arizona, USA)
Approved in 2025
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
On November 6 2025, the Tribal Council of the Colorado River Indian Tribes voted unanimously to adopt a resolution recognizing the rights of the Colorado RiverRead More →

Eastern Band of Cherokee Tribal Resolution: Rights of the Longperson Water System

Eastern Cherokee (North Carolina, USA)
Approved in 2026
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
On January 8, 2026, the Eastern Band of Cherokee passed the Longperson Rights of Nature Resolution, recognizing it as living relative with inherent rights.Read More →

Alderville First Nation Resolution: Rights of Rice Lake

Alderville First Nation (Ontario, Canada)
Approved in 2025
Indigenous Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
On November 18, 2025, the Alderville First Nation Council unanimously approved a resolution recognizing the legal status of Lake Rice. The process took 2 yearsRead More →

Durango (USA) Resolution: rights for the Animas River

Colorado, USA
Approved in 2025
Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
In November 2025, a student-led resolution acknowledging inherent rights for the Animas River was adopted by the Durango City Council.Read More →

Yurok Tribal Ordinance: rights of the Klamath River 2024

Yurok Tribe (California, USA)
Approved in 2024
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
In 2024, the Yurok Tribe approved a Tribal Ordinance establishing the Rights of the Heyhl-keek ‘We-roy (Klamath River), following an earlier 2019 Resolution.Read More →

Rhode Island (USA) Resolution: rights of natural ecosystems

Rhode Island, USA
Approved in 2023
Declaration
All Nature
A resolution was approved in May 2023 by the Rhode Island House of Representatives to recognize the rights of natural communities and ecosystems.Read More →

Falmouth (USA) Resolution: rights of nature

Massachusetts, USA
Approved in 2024
Declaration
All Nature
On April 22, 2024, the Town of Falmouth in Cape Cod, Massachusetts, adopted a resolution recognizing the rights of nature.Read More →
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