Sweden Constitutional Amendment: Rights of Nature
In 2019, MP Rebecka Le Moine of the Swedish parliament proposed an amendment recognizing rights of nature to the Swedish constitution.Read More →
Europe
This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives that exist in Europe. For the purposes of delineating boundaries, we define Turkey, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan as constituting the Eastern boundary of Europe.
International Rights of Nature Tribunal, 2nd Regional Hearing: Europe 2021
In 2021, GARN held the European Rights of Nature Tribunal "In Defense of Aquatic Ecosystems" to investigate five critical aquatic ecosystem cases.Read More →
France Climate and Resilience Law 2021: ecocide
A 2021 French law included a number of ecocide-like provisions that criminalize environmental damages.Read More →
Belarus Criminal Code (1999): ecocide
Belarus amended it's 1997 criminal code to add an article about ecocide.Read More →
Ukraine Criminal Code (2001): ecocide
Ukraine added an article about ecocide to its criminal code in 2001.Read More →
Moldova Criminal Code (2002): ecocide
Moldova added an article about ecocide to its criminal code in 2002.Read More →
Frome (UK) Draft Bye-law: rights for the river frome
In July 2016, a bylaw giving the Frome River and the Rodden Meadow rights and legal personhood was proposed to the town council of Frome, England.Read More →
Romania National Law: recognition of dolphins as nonhuman persons
In 2014, the Romanian upper house voted against a bill declaring dolphins as non-human persons with rights.Read More →