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Legislation

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence within any piece of legislation passed by the main legislative body of a country or a State, Territory or Province (generally speaking, it is Parliament or Congress). The terms commonly used to refer to these pieces of legislation include laws, statutes, Acts of parliament, and legislation. It is important to note that these terms vary depending on the legal tradition in which they are located (for example, common law or civil law). The category also includes all other legal documents passed by the executive body of a country with equivalent value to the above. Examples of these pieces are decrees (typical of civil law countries) and Presidential Executive Orders (in the USA).

Ecuador National Law: rights of non-human animals

Ecuador
Drafted in 2022
Legislation
Animal
In 2022, a draft national law in Ecuador on the rights of non-human animals was formally presented to the National Assembly by Ecuador’s Defensoría del Pueblo.Read More →

Kyrgyzstan Criminal Code (1997): ecocide

Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan)
Approved in 1997
Legislation
All Nature
In 1997, the Kyrgyz Republic codified the crime of ecocide in its Criminal Code.Read More →

Tajikistan Criminal Code (1998): ecocide

Tajikistan
Approved in 1998
Legislation
All Nature
In 1998, Tajikistan formally recognized ecocide at the national level by including provisions in its Criminal Code addressing severe environmental destruction.Read More →

Chile Ecocide Law

Chile
Approved in 2023
Legislation
All Nature
On 17 August 2023, Chile adopted a law that modifies the Penal Code to incorporate a new section on "Attacks against the environment" with elements of ecocide.Read More →

India Ecocide Law

India
Submitted in 2025
Legislation
All Nature
On December 5, 2025, the Ecocide (Prevention and Accountability) Bill, 2025 was introduced in the Parliament of India by Sujeet Kumar.Read More →

France National Law: nature in corporate governance

France
Submitted in 2026
Legislation
All Nature
On 3 March 2026, MP Charles Fournier introduced a members bill in France's National Assembly on the representation of Nature within corporate governance.Read More →

Mexico City Environmental Law 2024: Legislative Provisions for the Constitutional Rights of Nature

Mexico City, Mexico
Approved in 2024
Legislation
All Nature, Urban
In July 2024, Mexico City enacted a new Environmental Law that recognizes the rights of nature and centers ecological balance and public health in urban policy.Read More →

France National Law: legal personality and rights of the Seine River

Paris, France
Submitted in 2026
Legislation
Freshwater Ecosystem, Urban
On 20 February 2026, a bill on the legal personality and rights of the Seine River was tabled in the Senate of France's national parliament.Read More →
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