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Indigenous Law

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence within any piece of legislation or constitution passed by the main legislative body of an Indigenous Nation (e.g. Tribal Nation, First Nation, etc.). The terms commonly used to refer to these pieces of legislation are constitution, tribal council resolution, band council resolution, tribal codes/ordinances, etc. It is important to note that these terms vary depending on the legal tradition in which they are located and regional legal plurality (e.g. across Oceania, North America, South America, etc.).

Innu First Nation Resolution: rights of the Magpie River

Nitassinan (Innu ancestral territory) (Quebec Province, Canada)
Approved in 2021
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
In January 2021, the Innu Council of Ekuanitshit adopted a resolution recognizing the Magpie River as a legal person with rights.Read More →

Colorado River Indian Tribes Resolution: Personhood for the Colorado River

Colorado River Indian Reservation (Arizona, USA)
Approved in 2025
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
On November 6 2025, the Tribal Council of the Colorado River Indian Tribes voted unanimously to adopt a resolution recognizing the rights of the Colorado RiverRead More →

Ecuador A’i Cofán of Sinangoe Indigenous Law

Ancestral Territory of the Sinangoe Community of the A'i Cofán Nationality
Approved in 2017
Indigenous Law
All Nature
In May 2017, the General Assembly of the Sinangoe Community adopted the Law for the Control and Protection of the Ancestral Territory of the Sinangoe CommunityRead More →

Eastern Band of Cherokee Tribal Resolution: Rights of the Longperson Water System

Eastern Cherokee (North Carolina, USA)
Approved in 2026
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
On January 8, 2026, the Eastern Band of Cherokee passed the Longperson Rights of Nature Resolution, recognizing it as living relative with inherent rights.Read More →

Yurok Tribal Ordinance: rights of the Klamath River 2024

Yurok Tribe (California, USA)
Approved in 2024
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
In 2024, the Yurok Tribe approved a Tribal Ordinance establishing the Rights of the Heyhl-keek ‘We-roy (Klamath River), following an earlier 2019 Resolution.Read More →

Ponca Nation (USA) Tribal Resolution: Rights of Rivers

Ponca Nation (Oklahoma, USA)
Approved in 2022
Indigenous Law
Freshwater Ecosystem
In 2022, the Ponca Nation adopted a Rights of Rivers law recognizing the immutable legal rights of two rivers that flow through Ponca territory.Read More →

Ponca Nation (USA) Tribal Resolution: Rights of Nature

Ponca Nation (Oklahoma, USA)
Approved in 2017
Indigenous Law
All Nature
In 2017, the Ponca Nation passed a resolution recognizing rights of nature and creating penalties for crimes against nature.Read More →

Navajo Nation Tribal Code of 2002

Navajo Nation (Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico; USA)
Approved in 2002
Indigenous Law
All Nature
In 2002, the Navajo Nation adopted a Navajo Nation Code, which outlines the various rights and laws of the nation and recognizes rights of nature.Read More →
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