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Civil Society Declaration

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence through a document that is adopted/endorsed by a collective of civil society organizations, that is meant to serve as draft international or domestic law, and that is designed to facilitate and guide the development of international or domestic ecological law. We acknowledge that the conventional definition of soft law requires some form of explicit support by governments or Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs), however we are purposefully expanding the definition for our purposes to include civil society initiatives to influence international and domestic ecological law even if they have yet to receive endorsement from state actors. We do this to help push an evolution in the concept of soft law given that states have to date been laggards in the process of paradigm change inherent in the transition to ecological law. We also note that we only include in this category those civil society initiatives that have received declarations of support or endorsement from multiple groups.

Martinique Citizen Declaration: rights of the salt marshes

Salines of Sainte-Anne, Martinique (France)
Drafted in 2023
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem
In 2023, a coalition of Martinican associations launched the Declaration of the Rights of the Salines to support the recognition of it's ecosystem rights.Read More →

Declaration of the Rights of the Mediterranean Bioregion

Mediterranean Region
Drafted in 2022
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem
To address the ecological crisis in the Mediterranean, an international initiative has been launched calling for the recognition of the Mediterranean Bioregion.Read More →

UK Citizens Petition: rights of rivers and rias

Cornwall, England
Failed in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
In June 2025, a citizen petition was submitted to the UK parliament to Recognise Rivers & Rias (Drowned River Valleys) in England as living entities with rightsRead More →

Scotland Citizen Petition: rights of the River Clyde

Scotland, United Kingdom
Failed in 2024
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
In December 2024, Professor Louise Welsh and Jude Barber submitted a petition to the Scottish Parliament to grant the River Clyde legal personhood.Read More →

Berlin (Germany) Law: rights of the Spree River

Berlin and Brandenburg States, Germany
Drafted in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem, Urban
In October 2025, a group of citizens launched a draft law to recognize the rights of the Spree River in Berlin as a legal entity.Read More →

Tyrol (Austria) Citizen Declaration: Together for a Living Isel

East Tyrol, Austria
Drafted in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
On 13 September 2025, residents of East Tyrol, Austria together with the Tyrolean Environmental Ombudsman, presented a declaration for a living Isel River.Read More →

International Declaration of Reef Rights 2007

International
Drafted in 2007
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem
In March 2007, Reef Check launched the International Declaration of Reef Rights which recognizes that coral reefs have the right to be free from harm.Read More →

Italy Citizen Declaration: rights of the Venice Lagoon

Venice, Italy
Drafted in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem, Urban
On November 20 2025, a Declaration of the Rights of the Venice Lagoon was launched, recognizing the lagoon as a legal entity within a complex urban environment.Read More →
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