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Civil Society Declaration

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence through a document that is adopted/endorsed by a collective of civil society organizations, that is meant to serve as draft international or domestic law, and that is designed to facilitate and guide the development of international or domestic ecological law. We acknowledge that the conventional definition of soft law requires some form of explicit support by governments or Inter-Governmental Organizations (IGOs), however we are purposefully expanding the definition for our purposes to include civil society initiatives to influence international and domestic ecological law even if they have yet to receive endorsement from state actors. We do this to help push an evolution in the concept of soft law given that states have to date been laggards in the process of paradigm change inherent in the transition to ecological law. We also note that we only include in this category those civil society initiatives that have received declarations of support or endorsement from multiple groups.

Universal Declaration of Tree Rights

Paris, France
Drafted in 2018
Civil Society Declaration
Forest Ecosystem
On 18 November 2018, the Universal Declaration of Tree Rights was founded by Ricardo Rey and La Compagnie des Papillons Bleus.Read More →

Wormerland (Netherlands) citizen proposal: rights of the Wijdse Kievitsweide

Wormer- en Jisperveld, Wormerland Municipality
Failed in 2024
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem, Grassland Ecosystem
On 12 April, 2024, a letter was submitted to the Wormerland Municipal Council on behalf of the Wijdse Kievitsweide to annul development for a sports complex.Read More →

Madrid (Spain): Declaration of the Rights of the Manzanares River

Madrid, Spain
Drafted in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem, Urban
On November 15, 2025, a coalition of civil society groups and individuals issued the “Declaration of the Rights of the Manzanares River."Read More →

Nijmegen (Netherlands): guardian of nature on Veur-Lent Island

Nijmegen Municipality, Gelderland Province
Submitted in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature, Urban
On 11 March, 2026, the Nijmegen City Council adopted a motion that stated it believes the citizens’ initiative but called for it to be further developed.Read More →

France Declaration of the Rights of Nature in Nature Reserves

Taglio, Corsica (France)
Approved in 2026
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature
On 21 May 2026, the Réserves Naturelles de France (RNF) network unanimously adopted the “Declaration of the Rights of Nature in Nature Reserves."Read More →

Martinique Citizen Declaration: rights of the salt marshes

Salines of Sainte-Anne, Martinique (France)
Drafted in 2023
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem
In 2023, a coalition of Martinican associations launched the Declaration of the Rights of the Salines to support the recognition of it's ecosystem rights.Read More →

Declaration of the Rights of the Mediterranean Bioregion

Mediterranean Region
Drafted in 2022
Civil Society Declaration
Marine Ecosystem
To address the ecological crisis in the Mediterranean, an international initiative has been launched calling for the recognition of the Mediterranean Bioregion.Read More →

UK Citizens Petition: rights of rivers and rias

Cornwall, England
Failed in 2025
Civil Society Declaration
Freshwater Ecosystem
In June 2025, a citizen petition was submitted to the UK parliament to Recognise Rivers & Rias (Drowned River Valleys) in England as living entities with rightsRead More →
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