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International

This page identifies initiatives that express ecological jurisprudence within international documents. These include international agreements concluded between subjects of international law (typically nation-states but also international organizations such as the United Nations or the European Union), as well as formal decisions, determinations or expressions of opinion on the part of such subjects. These documents are variously termed treaties, declarations, resolutions, conventions, memorandums of understanding, charters, or agreements, and the binding or non-binding nature of each document is irrelevant for the present purposes. The category also includes all international declarations and similar documents made between Indigenous Nations and nation states.

Universal Declaration of the Rights of Mother Earth

International
Drafted in 2010
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature
In 2010, the Universal Declaration of Rights of Mother Earth was presented at the First Peoples Conference on Climate Change and the Rights of Mother Earth.Read More →

The Earth Charter

International
Approved in 2000
Civil Society Declaration
All Nature
In 2000, the Earth Charter Commission launched the Earth Charter at the Peace Palace in The Hague.Read More →

EU Parliament Resolution: halt and reverse EU-driven global deforestation

European Union
Approved in 2020
Legislation
Forest
In 2020, the EU Parliament passed a resolution addressing deforestation and the protection of forests in order to restore their biodiversity.Read More →

II Inter-American Congress on the Environmental Rule of Law

International
Approved in 2017
Declaration
All Nature
In September 2017, the Inter-American Congress on the Environmental Rule of Law met to discuss environmental rule of law trends from the Americas.Read More →

IUCN World Conservation Congress Resolution 070: crimes against the environment

Hawaii, USA
Approved in 2016
Declaration
All Nature
In 2016, the IUCN World Conservation Congress adopted a resolution considering crimes against the environment.Read More →

UN G77 Declaration (2014): living well and Mother Earth

International
Approved in 2014
Declaration
All Nature
The Group of 77 approved a declaration identifying sustainable development objectives to replace the UN's millennium goals in 2014.Read More →

IUCN World Conservation Congress Resolution 081: humanity’s right to a healthy environment

Hawaii, USA
Approved in 2016
Declaration
All Nature
In 2016, the IUCN World Conservation Congress adopted a resolution proclaiming humanity’s right to a healthy environment.Read More →

UN IPBES Plenary Report (2013): biodiversity and ecosystem services

International
Approved in 2014
Declaration
All Nature
A 2013 UN report emphasized the importance of a conceptual framework that allows humans to live in harmony with nature.Read More →
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