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Freshwater Ecosystem

This page identifies ecological jurisprudence initiatives in which the subject of the initiative is a freshwater ecosystem. Examples include watersheds, rivers, lakes, freshwater aquifers, or any type of freshwater wetlands (e.g., ponds, marshes, swamps, etc.).

Ecuador court case on the rights of the Monjas River

Ecuador
Approved in 2022
Ecuador's Constitutional Court rules that urban expansion into a fragile watershed by Quito's municipal government violated the rights of the Monjas River.Read More →

Oaxaca Mexico Bill recognizing the Rights of Rivers and other Water Sources

Mexico
Submitted in 2020
Bill presented to the Congress of Oaxaca (Mexico) seeking to establish all rivers and other water sources in the state of Oaxaca as subjects with rightsRead More →

Woodbridge England Citizen’s Declaration of the Rights of the River Deben

United Kingdom
Approved in 2022
In 2022 a citizens Declaration of the Rights of the River Deben was proclaimed in Woodbridge, England including rights to flow freely and be free from pollutionRead More →

Kerala High Court of India case on legal personhood for the Bharathapuzha river

India
Submitted in 2022
In 2022, a petition was filed in the Kerala High Court of India seeking to declare the Bharathapuzha river as a 'legal entity' with a right to flow and liveRead More →

Ponca Nation Statute Recognizing Rights of Rivers

United States of America
Approved in 2022
the Ponca Nation adopted the Rights of Rivers law, a new statute recognizing the immutable legal rights of two rivers that flow through Ponca territoryRead More →

Grand Lake Colorado Rights of Nature Resolution for the Grand Lake Watershed

United States of America
Approved in 2022
Rights of Nature Resolution for the Grand Lake Watershed recognizes Grand Lake Watershed as a living entity that possesses fundamental and inalienable rightsRead More →

Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council Conservation and Management Plan to protect the Martuwarra River’s right to flow as a living entity

Australia
Submitted in 2021
the Martuwarra River Council created a Management Plan recognizing First Law and guardianship, to protect the river's right to flow as a living ancestral beingRead More →

Fitzroy River Declaration recognizing Martuwarra-Fitzroy River as a living ancestral being

Australia
Approved in 2016
the Fitzroy River Declaration expresses First Law of Martuwarra Nations, recognizing "the Fitrzoy River is a living ancestral being and has a right to life"Read More →
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